Irrigation is the key point of orchard maintenance. Fruit trees in the north are prone to drought when there is insufficient precipitation in early spring. Fruit trees are in a period of vigorous growth and must have sufficient water sources. Therefore, adopting spring irrigation and moisture conservation farming techniques to prevent spring drought is the key to increasing yield. There are many orchards in the mountains in the south, and the irrigation conditions are limited, and droughts are prone to occur in summer. Therefore, the adoption of irrigation and water-storage cultivation is an important measure to ensure high yield and high quality.
2. The orchard hole storage fertilizer and water plus plastic film covering technology. This technology has low application cost, is easy to operate, can improve soil, and can increase yield and increase fruit. Currently, it has been promoted in Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi and other places for millions of hectares, which can increase yield by about 20-30%.
3. The orchard infiltration irrigation, Drip Irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation and other technologies have been gradually promoted, and the yield has been significantly increased. Among them, the efficient and practical infiltration irrigation technology can save water as high as 60%-80%.
Brief introduction of several common Water-Saving Irrigation techniques:
1. Wide hole fertilizer storage technology: After the soil is thawed in spring, 4-8 circular soil holes are dug under the tree canopy. The hole diameter is about 30 cm and the depth is 30-40 cm. Grass handle, and then use 50 grams of urea, 50-100 grams of superphosphate, 50-100 grams of potassium chloride, mix with soil, fill around the grass handle, cover soil for 1 cm, then cover with mulch, and poke a hole with As an import for future watering and fertilization, the orifice is usually covered with clods.
2. Infiltration irrigation. It is an irrigation method in which water seeps from the ground to the soil, which can save 70-80% of water compared with flood irrigation. It is a water-saving technology with less investment, labor saving and high efficiency.
3. Drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation. Drip irrigation is widely used, low cost, labor-saving and simple, and is more suitable for mountain orchards. Complete equipment and technology are available for purchase. Care should be taken to prevent clogging. Sprinkler irrigation is more suitable for flat orchards. Supporting equipment and special technology can also be purchased. The latest micro-sprinkler irrigation technology is more resistant to clogging than drip irrigation, and the effect is better by using local spring irrigation.
